Who helped decrease the spread of disease by promoting the use of antiseptics?

The correct choice is Joseph Lister, who is recognized for significantly advancing the field of antiseptic surgery. In the late 19th century, he championed the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as a sterilizing agent during surgical procedures. His findings demonstrated that the introduction of antiseptic techniques could dramatically reduce the incidence of postoperative infections by minimizing microbial contamination. By implementing sterile practices, Lister established a foundation for modern surgical procedures and infection control, which greatly contributed to the safety of surgeries and the overall decrease in the spread of diseases in medical environments.

Others mentioned, such as Ignaz Semmelweis, made essential contributions to hygiene standards but focused more on handwashing and its impact on childbirth fever rather than directly promoting antiseptics. John Hunter, while important in surgical practices and anatomy, did not concentrate on antiseptics. Galileo, known for his contributions to science and physics, did not relate to medical practices or antisepsis. Thus, Lister's promotion of antiseptic techniques is key in understanding the transition towards safer medical practices and the reduction of infection rates in clinical settings.